The Whisperers

79. L. Lazarev, Shestoi etazh: kniga vospominaniia (Moscow, 1999), p. 201.

80. Reabilitatsiia: kak eto bylo, pp. 349–51; W. Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (London, 2003), pp. 270, 272, 274, 278.

81. Reabilitatsiia: kak eto bylo, pp. 5–6; Taubman, Khrushchev, pp. 273–4.

9: Memory (1956–2006)

1. W. Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (London, 2003), pp. 282–3.

2. P. Jones, ‘From the Secret Speech to the Burial of Stalin: Real and Ideal Responses to De-Stalinization’, in same author (ed.), The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: A Social and Cultural History of Reform in the Khrushchev Era (London, 2005), p. 47.

3. L. Alexeyeva and P. Goldberg, The Thaw Generation: Coming of Age in the Post-Stalin Era (Boston, 1990), p. 4.

4. MM, f. 12, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 47, 78.

5. MSP, f. 3, op. 18, d. 2, ll. 21– 2.

6. MP, f. 4, op. 26, d. 2, ll. 12– 14.

7. MP, f. 4, op. 22, d. 2, ll. 14, 62– 4.

8. MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 36– 41.

9. MSP, f. 3, op. 19, d. 2, ll. 5, 24– 33.

10. MP, f. 4, op. 19, d. 2, ll. 26–7, 41–5; d. 3, l. 1; d. 4, ll. 1–3.

11. I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kul’ta lichnosti: 1925–1953 (Moscow, 1998), pp. 266–7; MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 31–2, 76.

12. MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, l. 25; MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, l. 23; MM, f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, ll. 36–8.

13. V. Shalamov, ‘Dry Rations’, in Kolyma Tales (London, 1994), p. 43; MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, l. 45. See also: op. 1, d. 2, ll. 33–4; op. 36, d. 2, ll. 7–9.

14. C. Merridale, Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia (London, 2000), p. 21.

15. C. Garland (ed.), Understanding Trauma: A Psychoanalytical Approach (London, 1998), pp. 4–5; D. Laub, ‘Truth and Testimony: The Process and the Struggle’, in C. Caruth (ed.), Trauma: Explorations in Memory (Baltimore, 1995), pp. 61–75.

16. MSP, f. 3, op. 15, d. 3, l. 1.

17. Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003; interview with Nina Arkhipova, Moscow, November 2003.

18. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1538; V. Pushnova, Valentina Serova (Moscow, 2003), pp. 258–84; interview with Maria Simonova, Moscow, March 2004.

19. Pushnova, Valentina Serova, p. 322; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 775, l. 1.

20. Interview with Maria Simonova, Moscow, March 2004; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 775, l. 1.

21. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 18; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, September 2003.

22. SLFA, Yevgeniia Laskina to Aleksei Simonov, 28 August 1957; Mark Laskin, ‘Vospominaniia’, ts., p. 15; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 10 .d. 342, l. 20; interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, July 2004; A. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia (Nizhny Novgorod, 1999), pp. 42, 44–5, 148.

23. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2199, l. 2.

24. SLFA, Aleksei Simonov to Yevgeniia Laskina, 19 August 1956; Aleksei Simonov to Konstantin Simonov, 24 October 1956; Konstantin to Aleksei Simonov, 31 August 1956.

25. SLFA, Yevgeniia Laskina to Aleksei Simonov, 26 September 1956; Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, p. 67; Aleksei to Konstantin Simonov, 7 February 1957.

26. Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; SLFA, Aleksei Simonov, Diary, 23 December 1956; Aleksei Simonov to Vladimir Dudintsev, 13 December 1956; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, ll. 15–17, 22.

27. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia (Moscow, 1990), p. 12; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 2, d. 127, ll. 2–3, 8.

28. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 12.

29. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1770, l. 13.

30. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 6, d. 170, l. 17.

31. V. Kondrat’ev, ‘Ne tol’ko o svoem pokolenii. Zametki pisatelia’, Kommunist, 1997, no. 7, p. 122.

32. Interview with Marina Babak, Moscow, November 2003.

33. K. Simonov, Sto sutok voiny (Smolensk, 1999); same author, Raznye dni voiny: dnevnik pisatelia, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1977–8).

34. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 11, ll. 1–21; op. 8, d. 58, l. 98.

35. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, dd. 2590, 681, 1857.

36. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, pp. 147–55. The cuts, which amounted to sixty typed pages, immediately appeared in samizdat, and were included in foreign editions of the novel from 1969. The complete version of the novel first came out in the Soviet Union in 1973. See R. Pevear’s ‘Introduction’, and his notes on the text in his translation of M. Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita (London, 1997), pp. vii–xix.