Young Stalin

GMIKA 19.51: Natalia Kirtava-Sikharulidze memoirs. GF IML 8.2.1.43. GARF 3.1905.272.

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6. GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki. GMIKA 18.50, Kote Kalandarov. GMIKA 26.104, Porfiro Kuridze memoirs, pp. 33–42. Batumskaya, pp. 36–78, 124. Stalin’s despotism: Lavrov in GARF 102.00.1898.5–52-V. Hiding in skirts: interview with Suren Levonian on mother Terun Levonian story.

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7. 9 March: GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki. GMIKA 26.104, Porfiro Kuridze memoirs, pp. 33–42. Batumskaya, pp. 36–78, 124, 203–27. GMIKA 105, 106, 154, Despina Shapatava. Rothschilds manager, Wanstein hit: GF IML 8.2.1.9, Theofile Gogiberidze. Changing clothes and wearing hoods: GM IML 8.2.1.15.174–81, I. Doborjinidze. Hooded Koba: see K. Kalandarov in Batumskaya, p. 70; you’ll never be revolutionary, Vadachkoria, p. 86; conspiracy and mystery, P. Kuridze, p. 96; no moustaches or beard, p. 99; hooded and riot and Stalin puts on plays, Vera Lomdzharia, p. 102; demonstration, I. Darakhvelidze, pp. 116–17; Stalin calm, K. Kandelaki, pp. 118–26; Stalin helps wounded, p. 157. GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki.

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8. Hashimi Smirba: GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki. GMIKA 21.57, Hamdi Smirba memoirs, p. 16, and 22.58, Hashimi Smirba, pp. 1–9. GMIKA 26.104.33–42, Porfiro Kuridze. Batumskaya, pp. 150–71. Stalin in women’s dresses: Suren Levonian interview on mother Terun Levonian in Batumi. On truth of Smirba story: Stalin in Charkviani, “Memoirs.” On Nestor Lakoba, see Montefiore, pp. 179–80. Jordania’s reaction: Zhordania, “Stalin,” p. 2. Trotsky, Stalin, pp. 31–32. Stalin, Works, 1:25. Stalin on his Gurian bodyguards and on losing people but winning: Mgeladze, p. 77. Stalin amends Beria’s book: Beria, p. 18.

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9. Funerals, arrest: police officer report, 6 Apr. 1902, Batumskaya, p. 177, and report of Jakeli, p. 178. GMIKA 115, Capt. Jakeli report on arrest of Stalin, involvement on 9 March. Letters to mother and Iremashvili; report of chief of Kutaisi Province Gendarmerie to the Police Department, 9 Apr. 1902, arrest of Djugashvili known as teacher of workers and said to be always holding himself apart, keeping himself secret: GMIKA 116, Illarion. On Stalin and Bulgakov: M. Bulgakov, Batum, Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 9–11, quotes Elena Bulgakova; and Elena Bulgakova’s diaries, 1939; also account of V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, Arts Theatre director. See: itlitbatum.ru. GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki.

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1. Uratadze, pp. 66–69, 208–10. GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki.

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2. Gendarme inquiries and Stalin’s notes: RGASPI 558.4.80, 81 and 83. Batumskaya, pp. 233–35. Reports of Capt. Jakeli, 9 Apr. 1902, Maj.-Gen. Shopchansky, 9 Apr. 1902, Report of Gendarme Department Tiflis (Stalin member of Tiflis Committee), 1 May 1902, arrest report of Policeman Chkhikvadze, 6 Apr. 1902, report of Police man Gogoria in Gori (Iremashvili interrogated, two men come to meet Keke and take her to Batumi), 16 June 1902; Jakeli, 16 Oct. 1905, on great success in 1901; Col. Lavrov on great discord between juniors and old socialists, 9 Feb. 1903; GMIKA 153, 116, 118, Stalin, 1 May 1902, 119, 120, Eremov, 121, 125, Chopura and Mohevi. GF IML 8.2.1.20.155–222, Kotsia Kandelaki.

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3. GDMS 1955–146.33–40, G. Elisabedashvili.

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4. Keke: Mgeladze, pp. 154–55. Police reports and Keke’s requests: RGASPI 71.10.401 and 404. RGASPI 558.4.405. Trip to Batumi: Keke. Visit again to Batumi spring 1903: see Keke’s obituary, Zaria Vostoka, 1937. Kun, p. 42. On Keke’s interview 1935, R. W. Davies, O. V. Khlevnuik, E. A. Rees (eds.), Stalin-Kaganovich Correspondence, p. 295.

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5. Prison culture: GMIKA 19(51), N. Kirtadze (Kirtava-Sikharulidze), pp. 39(1–42(4); Stalin gives message, p. 32(128); Gerasim Kaladze, pp. 42(1)-50(9); V. Chaidze, p. 96; V. Kalandze, p. 136. Stalin and the sympathetic guard: Chaureli in Vstrechi s vozhdem narodov/Vstrechi s tov. Stalinym, p. 154. How to communicate: Bibineishvili, pp. 59–63. Leniency: Rayfield, Stalin and the Hangmen, p. 31. Stalin prefers convicts: Khrushchev, 1:301. Stalin lonely: Oleg Troyanovsky, Cherez gody, p. 162. Studying and prisons barbarous/paternalist: Trotsky, My Life, pp. 35, 147 and 180. Second school: Stalin, Works, 2:28–32. Ordzhonikidze’s reading, Stalin’s memo on prison, 1937: Volkogonov, Stalin, p. 9. Prison culture, news of Soso’s arrest, arguments in jail: Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 43–45, 55–64; prison visits, pp. 33–35. Stalin’s prison routine: Kalandadze, quoted in Trotsky, Stalin, p.35.

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