Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin and S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, Calif: Brooks-Cole.
29.Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
30.Lifton, R. J. (1986). The Nazi doctors: Medical killing and the psychology of genocide. New York: Basic Books.
31.De Jonge, A. (1978). The Weimar chronicle: Prelude to Hitler. New York: New American Library, p. 12. .
32.Hovland, C. I., & Sears); R. R. (1940). Minor studies of aggression: Correlation of lynchings with economic indices. Journal of Psychology, 9, 301-10.
33.Hepworth, J. T., & West, S. G. (1988). Lynchings and the economy: A time-series reanalysis of Hovland and Sears (1940). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, no. 2, 239-47.
34.Landau, S. F. (1982). Trends in violence and aggression: A cross-cultural analysis. Paper presented at the Tenth International Congress of Sociology, Mexico City.
35.Peck, M. S. (1983). People of the lie: The hope of healing human evil. New York: Simon & Schuster.
36.Sereny, G. (1974). Into that darkness: From mercy killing to mass murder. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 212-13.
37.Stern, F. (1987). Dreams and delusions: The drama of German history. New York: Knopf.
38.Platt, G. M. (1980). Thoughts on a theory of collective action: Language, affect and ideology in revolution. In M. Albin, R. J. Devlin, & G. Haeger (Eds.), New directions in psychohistory: The Adelphi papers in honor of Erik H. Erikson. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books.
39.Egendorf, A., Kadushin, C, Laufer, R. S., Rothbart G., & Sloan, L. (1981). Summary of findings. Legacies of Vietnam: Comparative adjustment of Vietnam veterans and their peers, Vol. 1. Washington D. C: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Wilson, P. J. (1980). Conflict, stress and growth: The effects of war on psychosocial development among Vietnam veterans. In C. R. Figley & S. Leventman (Eds.), Strangers at home: Vietnam veterans since the war. New York: Praeger Press.
Fletcher, K. E. (1987). Belief systems, exposure to stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans. Ph.D. diss., University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
40.Fletcher, Belief systems.
41.Card, J. J. (1983). Lives after Vietnam: The personal impact of military service. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
42.Hendin, H., and Haas, A. P. (1984). Combat adaptations of Vietnam Veterans without posttraumatic stress disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 956-60.
43.Fletcher, K. E. (1987). Personal communication.
44.Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
45.Staub, E. (1985). The psychology of perpetrators and bystanders. Political Psychology, 6, 61-86.
46.Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. K., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers’ Cave experiment. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Book Exchange.
47.Stoessinger, J. G. (1982). Why nations go to war. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
48.Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39; quotations, p. 24.
49.Zimbardo, P. G. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
50.Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Staub, E. (1974). Helping a distressed person: Social, personality and stimulus determinants. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 7. New York: Academic Press;
Idem, Positive social behavior, vol. 1.
Erkut, S., Jaquette, D., & Staub, E. (1981). Moral judgment-situation interaction as a basis for predicting social behavior. Journal of Personality, 49, 1-44.
51.See endnote 8.
52.Davitz, J. R. (1952). The effect of previous training on postfrustration behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 309-15.
53.Sherif, M. (1958). Superordinate goals in the reduction of intergroup conflict. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 349-58.
Sherif et al., The Robbers’ Cave experiment.
Tajfel, Social psychology of intergroup relations.
Worchel, S. (1979). Cooperation and the reduction of intergroup conflict: Some determining factors. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks-Cole.
See Chapter 18, as well as 16 and 17.
Chapter 4
1.Milgram, S. (1961). Nationality and conformity. Scientific American, 205, 45-51.
Perrin, S., & Spencer, C. (1981). Independence and conformity in the Asch experiments as a reflection of cultural and situational factors. British Journal of Psychology, 20, 205-9.
2.Garbarino, J., & Bronfenbrenner, U. (1976). The socialization of moral judgment and behavior in cross-cultural perspective. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior. New York: Holt.
Bixenstine, V. E., DeCorte, M. S., & Bixenstine, B. A. (1976). Conformity to peer-sponsored misconduct at four grade levels. Developmental Psychology, 12, 226-36,
Staub, E. (1979). Positive social behavior and morality. Vol. 2, Socialization and development. New York: Academic Press.
3.Maslow, A. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Viking Press, see Chap. 14 on Synergy in society and in the individual.
4.Whiting, B., & Whiting, J. W. M. (1975). Children of six cultures. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
5.McClelland, D. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton: Van Nostrand.
6.Slavson, S. R. (1965). Reclaiming the delinquent. New York: Free Press.
Toch, H. (1969). Violent men. Chicago: Aldine.
Buss, A. H. (1971). Aggression pays. In J. L. Singer (Ed.), The control of aggression and violence. New York: Academic Press.
7.Wilson, E. O. (1978). On human nature. New York: Bantam Books.
8.Ibid., p. 116.
9.Lowentin, R. C, Rose, S., & Kamin, L. (1984). Not in our genes: Biology, ideology and human nature. New York: Pantheon Books.
10.Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C, Nias, D. K. B., & Eysenck, H. J. (1986). Altruism and aggression: The heritability of individual differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1192-8.
11.Masserman, J. H., Wechkin, S., & Terris, W. (1964). “Altruistic” behavior in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 584-5.
Staub, E. (1978). Positive social behavior and morality. Vol. 1, Social and personal influences. New York: Academic Press, for a general discussion of the effects of experience on animal “altruism.”
12.MacDonald, K. (1984). An ethological-social learning theory of the development of altruism: Implications for human sociobiology. Ethology and Sociobiology, 5, 9-109.
13.Dentan, R. K. (1968). The Semais: A nonviolent people of Malaysia. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
14.Ibid.
15.Leggett, G. (1981) The Cheka. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 68. Quoted in Peters, E. (1985). Torture. New York: Basil
