Catherine the Great

134. Hughes, ‘Seeing the Sights’, in Eighteenth-Century Russia, eds. Bartlett and Lehmann-Carli, 325–6.

135. F. Rozhdestvenskii, Samuil Mislavskii, Mitropolit Kievskii (Kiev, 1877), 50–1. C.’s letters to Samuil are at appendix iii—vii. cf. G. I. Vzdornov, Istoriia otktrytiia izucheniia russkoi srednevekovoi zhivopisi XIX veka (M, 1986), 16–17.

136. V. I. Bazhenov, ‘Slovo na zalozhenie kremlevskogo dvortsa’, in S. Razgonov, V. I. Bazhenov (M, 1985), 164–5.

137. Volkonskii, 93, 10 Jan. 1772.

138. Letters to Volkonskii quoted in extenso by V. P. Iailenko, Ocherki po istorii i arkhitekture Lefortovo XVII—XVIII vekov (M, 2004), 159–62.

139. Wraxall, A Tour, 231.

Chapter 9

1. R. E. Jones, ‘Opposition to War and Expansion in Late Eighteenth-Century Russia’, Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 32 (1984), 38–44.

2. SIRIO, xiii: 259, C. to Mme Bielke, 25 June 1772; 261, 9 Aug.

3. KfZh (1772), 302, 306–9.

4. SIRIO, lxxii: 227, Solms to Frederick, 3 Aug. 1772.

5. KfZh (1772), 323–31 (330).

6. SIRIO, xix: 314, Gunning to Suffolk, 4 Sept. 1772.

7. SIRIO, xiii: 270–2, draft letter in C.’s hand; L. Hughes, The Romanovs (London, 2008), 108.

8. PCFG, xxxii: 527, Frederick to Solms, 1 Oct. 1772 NS.

9. SIRIO, xix: 327–8, Gunning to Suffolk, 27 Sept. 1772.

10. Best. D17929, C. to Voltaire, 12 Sept. 1772. Panin presented Gustav’s emissary to C. at Tsarskoe Selo on 17 Aug., KfZh (1772), 338.

11. Madariaga, 227.

12. SIRIO, xix: 297, Gunning to Suffolk, 28 July 1772; xiii: 259, C. to Mme Bielke, 25 June 1772; 261, 9 Aug. The Court moved to Tsarskoe Selo on Monday 13 Aug: KfZh (1772), 330.

13. Best. D17877, C. to Voltaire, 11 Aug. 1772; D17983, 17 Oct. See also D18090, 5 Dec.

14. Falconet, 185, C. to Falconet, 9 Oct. 1772.

15. Best. D18062, C. to Voltaire, 22 Nov. 1772; SIRIO, lxii: 305, Solms to Frederick, II, 25 Dec. 1772; 311, 8 Jan. 1773; Ransel, Politics, 235–6.

16. Lopatin, 9, 21 Feb. 1774.

17. SIRIO, xix: 298, Gunning to Suffolk, 28 July 1772.

18. McGrew, 70–1; SIRIO, xiii: 265–6, C. to Mme Bielke, 24 Aug. 1772.

19. KfZh (1772), 404–7. McGrew, 78, 82, may underestimate the level of public celebration.

20. SIRIO, xix: 14, Cathcart to Rochford, 29 Dec. 1769.

21. Ransel, Politics, 242–6, offers the most confident account of the episode; McGrew, 81–2, is more cautious.

22. SIRIO, xiii: 91–2, C. to Assebourg, 14 May 1771.

23. Ibid., 85, Panin to Assebourg, 10 May 1771; PCFG, xxxiii: 142, Frederick to Henry, 19 Dec. 1772 NS.

24. The gallery was done out in 1755–6: see V. Lemus and L. Lapina, The Catherine Palace- Museum in Pushkin: Picture Hall (Leningrad, 1990).

25. KfZh (1773), 271–81.

26. KfZh (1773), 281–93. The wining and dining continued throughout the summer.

27. McGrew, 83–4; Papmehl, Metropolitan Platon, 28–9.

28. Best. D18605, Voltaire to C., 1 Nov. 1773.

29. Dixon, ‘Religious Ritual’, 234–5.

30. Opisanie torzhestva vysokobrakosochetaniia Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva Velikago Kniazia Pavla Petrovicha s Ee Imperatorskim Vysochestvom Velikoiu Kniagieneiu Natalieiu Alekseevnoiu (SPb, 1773). See also D. Kobeko, Tsesarevich Pavel Petrovich (1754–1796): Istoricheskoe issledovanie (SPb, 2001 edn.), 75–7.

31. Quoted in Wilson, Diderot, 631.

32. Quoted in N. Cronk, ‘Hobbes and Hume: determining voices in Jacques le fataliste et son maitre’, in Diderot and European Culture, eds. F. Ogee and A. Strugnell (SVEC, 2006:09), 179.

33. E. Anderson, ed., The Letters of Mozart and His Family, Third edn. (London, 1989), 43, L. Mozart to L. Hagenauer, 1 Apr. 1764 NS.

34. Grimm told his own story in SIRIO, ii: 325–93, ‘Memoire historique sur l’origine et les suites de mon attachement pour l’Imperatrice Catherine II, jusqu’au deces de S.M.I.’.

35. S. Karp, ‘Grimm a Petersbourg’, in Deutsch-Russische Beziehungen im 18. Jahrhundert: Kultur, Wissenschaft und Diplomatie, eds. C. Grau, S. Karp, J. Voss (Wiesbaden, 1997), 294.

36. Grimm, 1–2, 25 Apr. 1774.

37. D. Goodman, The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (Ithaca, NY, 1994), ch. 4; A. Chamayou, L’Esprit de la lettre (XVIIIe siecle) (Paris, 1999).

38. Grimm, 97, 17 Aug. 1778; 188, 20 Sept. 1780.

39. Grimm, 421–2, 25 Nov. 1787; ibid. 436, 28 Dec. On the subsequent fate of the letters, see S. Ia. Karp, ‘Perepiska Ekaterina II s Fridrikhom Mel’khiorom Grimmom: Iz istorii rukopisei’, Vek Prosveshcheniia: I, 30–49.

40. Grimm, 543, 1 June 1791.

41. S. Dixon, Catherine the Great (Harlow, 2001), 81–2; Diderot, Oeuvres philosophiques, ed. P. Verniere (Paris, 1961), 630.

42. Diderot, Correspondance, 142, 30 Dec. 1773 NS, to Mmes Diderot and Vandeul.

43. Wilson, Diderot, 630–1, 633; Diderot, Correspondance, 103, Grimm to Geoffrin, 10 Nov. 1773 NS.

44. Wilson, Diderot, 632.

45. Diderot, Memoires pour Catherine II, ed. P. Verniere (Paris, 1966), 199, 178, 10, prints the revised text of the essays following discussion with C.

46. A. Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics (The Hague, 1973), 25–6.

47. Wilson, Diderot, 598.

48. Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics, 135–8; Diderot, Memoires, 117, 118; Wilson, Diderot, 635.

49. Diderot, Memoires, 117, 121, 122.

50. Diderot, Correspondance, 135–6, Diderot to Dashkova, 24 Dec. 1773 NS.

51. Quoted in Jones, Nikolay Novikov, 65.

52. Quoted in Wilson, Diderot, 640.

53. Diderot, Memoires, 44.

54. S. Karp, ‘Le questionnaire de Diderot adresse a Catherine II: quelques precisions’, Recherches sur Diderot et sur l’Encyclopedie, 33 (2002), 47, 55.