Trotsky (Paris, 1988), p. 638.
123. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 5, ll. 10, 19.
124. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 4 (citations from the letters can be found by their date).
125. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 2, ll. 21, 59.
126. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 2, l. 58.
127. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 2, l. 50.
128. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 2, l. 52.
129. MSP, f. 3, op. 1, d. 5, ll. 7, 8, 21, 25–6.
130. Stalin’s Letters to Molotov, edited by L. Lih, O. Naumov and O. Khlevniuk, translated by C. Fitzpatrick (New Haven, 1995), p. 200.
131. RGAE, f. 769, op. 1, d. 23– 35.
132. RGAE, f. 769, op. 1, d. 25, l. 10.
133. RGAE, f. 769, op. 1, d. 31, l. 9.
134. RGAE, f. 769, op. 1, d. 13.
135. RGAE, f. 769, op. 1, d. 29, l. 44.
4: The Great Fear (1937–8)
1. Pravda, 31 January 1932; Golgofa. Po materialam arkhivno-sledstvennogo dela no. 603 na Sokolovu-Piatnitskuiu Iu. I., ed. V. I. Piatnitskii (St Petersburg, 1993), p. 42.
2. Ibid., pp. 8–9.
3. V. Piatnitskii, Zagovor protiv Stalina (Moscow, 1998), p. 198.
4. Golgofa, p. 9.
5. J. Haslam, ‘Political Opposition to Stalin and the Origins of the Terror, 1932–1936’, Historical Journal, vol. 29, no. 2 (June 1986), p. 412. See also same author, ‘The Soviet Union, the Comintern and the Demise of the Popular Front, 1936– 39’, in H. Graham and O. Preston (eds.), The Popular Front in Europe (London, 1987), pp. 152–60; K. McDermott, ‘Stalinist Terror in the Comintern: New Perspectives’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 30, no. 1 (January 1995), pp. 111–30.
6. The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949 (New Haven, 2003), p. 110; McDermott, ‘Stalinist Terror’, p. 118.
7. B. Starkov, ‘The Trial That Was Not Held’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 46, no. 8 (1994), p. 1303.
8. Golgofa, pp. 20, 21, 24; interviews with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
9. Golgofa, pp. 62–3.
10. Ibid., pp. 25, 39–40.
11. Ibid., pp. 26, 34; interviews with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
12. M. Ellman, ‘Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 54, no. 7 (November 2002); H. Kuromiya, ‘Accounting for the Great Terror’, Jahbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 53 (2005), p. 88; A. Applebaum, Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps (London, 2003), pp. 516, 519. The figures for 1929–32 are from V. Popov, ‘Gosudarstvennyi terror v sovetskoi Rossii. 1923–1953 gg.’, Otechestvennyi arkhiv, 1992, no. 2, p. 28.
13. J. Getty, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933–1938 (Cambridge, 1985).
14. P. Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin (Cambridge, Mass., 1996), chap. 5; O. Khlevniuk, ‘The Politburo, Penal Policy and “Legal Reforms” in the 1930s’, in P. Solomon (ed.), Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864–1996: Power, Culture, and the Limits of Legal Order (Armonk, 1997), pp. 190–206.
15. J. Getty, ‘“Excesses Are Not Permitted”: Mass Terror and Stalinist Governance in the Late 1930s’, Russian Review, 61 (2002), no. 1, pp. 113–38.
16. S. Fitzpatrick, ‘Varieties of Terror’, in same author (ed.), Stalinism: New Directions (London, 2000), p. 258. For a similar view: B. McLoughlin and K. McDermott, ‘Rethinking Stalinist Terror’, in same authors (eds.), Stalin’s Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union (New York, 2003), pp. 1–18.
17. O. Khlevniuk, ‘The Reasons for the “Great Terror”: The Foreign Political Aspect’, Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, vol. 34 (1998), pp. 163 ff.; same author, ‘The Objectives of the Great Terror, 1937–38’, in J. Cooper, M. Perrie and E. Rees (eds.), Soviet History, 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R. W. Davies (London, 1995), pp. 158–76. See also H. Kuromiya, ‘Accounting for the Great Terror’, upon which I have drawn for the following paragraphs.
18. Kuromiya, ‘Accounting for the Great Terror’, p. 94; S. Payne, The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism (New Haven, 2004), p. 309.
19. S. Allilueva, Twenty Letters to a Friend (London, 1967), pp. 88–9; J. Getty and O. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939 (New Haven, 1999), pp. 157, 256–7.
20. V. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom (London, 1947), p. 213.
21. V. Rogovin, Partiia rasstreliannykh (Moscow, 1997), pp. 487–9; Reabilitatsia. Kak eto bylo, 3 vols. (Moscow, 2000–2004), vol. 1, p. 30; O. Suvenirov, Tragediia RKKA, 1938–1938 (Moscow, 1998), p. 315.
22. Istochnik, 1994, no. 3, p. 80; N. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (London, 1971), p. 283; M. Jansen and N. Petrov, Stalin’s Loyal Executioner: People’s Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895–1940 (Stanford, 2002), pp. 89, 201.
23. F. Chuev, Sto sorok besed s Molotovym (Moscow, 1991), pp. 390, 413; Piatnitskii, Zagovor protiv Stalina, p. 65; Kuromiya, ‘Accounting for the Great Terror’, p. 96.
