The Whisperers

65. On these low-level networks of informers see C. Hooper, ‘Terror from Within: Participation and Coercion in Soviet Power, 1924–64’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2003), pp. 154–64.

66. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia (Moscow, 1990), p. 50.

67. W. Leonhard, Child of the Revolution (London, 1957), pp. 100–102.

68. Frid, 58?, pp. 160–61.

69. MP, f. 4, op. 9, d. 2, ll. 25–7; d. 5, ll. 8–9.

70. O. Adamova-Sliuzberg, Put’ (Moscow, 2002), p. 172.

71. TsAODM, f. 369, op. 1, d. 161, ll. 1–2.

72. Interviewed in The Hand of Stalin (Part 2), October Films, 1990.

73. Adamova-Sliuzberg, Put’, pp. 19–20.

74. Cited in Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia, p. 154.

75. MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 3–4, 63–5.

76. Interview with Lev Molotkov, St Petersburg, May 2003.

77. N. Adler, Beyond the Soviet System: The Gulag Survivor (New Brunswick, 2002), p. 216; I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kul’ta lichnosti: 1925–1953 (Moscow, 1998), p. 32.

78. Conquest, The Great Terror, p. 222; V. Kozlov, ‘Denunciation and Its Functions in Soviet Governance: A Study of Denunciations and Their Bureaucratic Handling from Soviet Police Archives, 1944–1953’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 68, no. 4 (December 1996), p. 875. On apartments see V. Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism (Oxford, 1999), pp. 113–17.

79. MSP, f. 3, op. 36, d. 2, ll. 3, 13– 14; d. 3, ll. 4–6.

80. Simonov, Glazami, pp. 55, 62.

81. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 5, ll. 65–7; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.

82. RGALI, f. 632, op. 1, d. 12, ll. 28–9; d. 13, l. 10; interview with Semyon Vorovsky, Moscow, June 2005.

83. RGALI, f. 631, op. 15, d. 242, ll. 6–8; f. 618, op. 3, d. 27, ll. 5–14.

84. RGALI, f. 653, op. 1, d. 1087, l. 4.

85. RGALI, f. 631, op. 15, d. 226, l. 72.

86. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 437, ll. 1–7.

87. RGALI, f. 632, op. 1, d. 15, l. 23.

88. RGALI, f. 632, op. 1, d. 12, l. 13.

89. E. Dolmatovskii, Bylo: zapiski poeta (Moscow, 1982); interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003.

90. RGALI, f. 1812, op. 1, d. 96, l. 7.

91. RGALI, f. 631, op. 15, d. 265, l. 34.

92. A. Granovsky, All Pity Choked: The Memoirs of a Soviet Secret Agent (London, 1952), p. 101.

93. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, pp. 90–92.

94. A. Gorbatov, Years off My Life (London, 1964), pp. 103–4.

95. Conquest, The Great Terror, pp. 203–4. It may be that part of Iakir’s motives may have been to save his family (who were all later shot or sent to camps).

96. F. Beck and W. Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession (London, 1951), p. 86.

97. S. Vilenskii (ed.), Till My Tale is Told (London, 1999), pp. 124–6.

98. Interviewed in The Hand of Stalin (Part 2), October Films, 1990.

99. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 206. See further: S. Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalin’s Russia: Terror, Propaganda and Dissent, 1934–1941 (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 131–5; Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia, pp. 143–6.

100. Interview with Ida Slavina, Cologne, June 2003.

101. MM, f. 12, op. 21, d. 2, ll. 28–9; op. 32, d. 2, l. 17.

102. MP, f. 4, op. 18, d. 2, ll. 32–5, 49–50.

103. VFA, letter from Pavel to Yevgeniia Vittenburg, [February] 1937.

104. TsMAMLS, f. 68, op. 1, d. 76, l. 77; d. 124, l. 19; d. 141, l. 88.

105. N. Kaminskaya, Final Judgment: My Life as a Soviet Defence Attorney (New York, 1982), p. 19.

106. MM, f. 12, op. 23, d. 2, ll. 37– 8.

107. Simonov, Glazami, pp. 54–5.

108. Adamova-Sliuzberg, Put’, p. 11.

109. DetiGULAGa 1918–1956, Rossiia XX vek. Dokumenty (Moscow,