24. Tragediia sovetskoi derevni: kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie. Dokumenty i materialy, 5 vols. (Moscow, 1999–2004), vol. 5: 1937–1939, Part 1, 1937, pp. 32, 33, 46, 54, 387; Kuromiya, ‘Accounting for the Great Terror’, pp. 92–3.
25. N. Petrov and A. Roginskii, ‘“Pol’skaia operatsiia” NKVD 1937–1938 gg.’, inL. Eremina (ed.) Repressii protiv poliakov i pol’skikh grazhdan (Moscow, 1996), pp. 40–43. On the ‘national operations’ as a form of ‘ethnic cleansing’ see T. Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923– 1939 (Ithaca, 2001), pp. 328–43.
26. V. Garros, N. Korenevskaya and T. Lahusen (eds.), Intimacy and Terror (New York, 1995), p. 357.
27. Interview with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
28. R. Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia (New Haven, 1996), pp. 72–7.
29. V. Frid, 58?: zapiski lagernogo pridurka (Moscow, 1996), p. 91.
30. Interview with Viacheslav Kolobkov, St Petersburg, May 2004.
31. E. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind (New York, 1967), pp. 21–2.
32. E. Bonner, Mothers and Daughters (London, 1992), p. 263.
33. MP, f. 4, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 2, 25; op. 5, d. 5, ll. 3–4; L.Il’ina, Moi otets protiv NKVD (St Petersburg, 1998), pp. 16–21.
34. MSP, f. 3, op. 12, d. 2, ll. 35–40, 116–17.
35. SFA, I. Slavina, ‘Tonen’kii nerv istorii’, ms., pp. 9–13.
36. R. Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment (London, 1992), pp. 75, 87, 89, 127.
37. V. Bronshtein, ‘Stalin and Trotsky’s Relatives in Russia’, in T. Brotherstone and P. Dukes (eds.), The Trotsky Reappraisal (Edinburgh, 1992), pp. 8–15.
38. Getty and Naumov, The Road to Terror, pp. 486–7; Chuev, Sto sorok besed, p. 415.
39. Golgofa, p. 29.
40. See also MSP, f. 3, op. 34, d. 2; MP, f. 4, op. 16, dd. 2, 3.
41. Golgofa, pp. 31, 34, 35–6, 43, 45; interview with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, August 2005.
42. Golgofa, p. 37.
43. M. Prishvin, ‘Dnevnik 1937 goda’, Oktiabr’, 1995, no. 9, p. 168.
44. Conquest, The Great Terror, p. 256; M. Prishvin and V. Prishvin, My s toboi. Dnevnik liubvi (Moscow, 1996), p. 13.
45. MP, f. 4, op. 25, d. 2, ll. 9– 10.
46. MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, l. 9.
47. MP, f. 4, op. 6, d. 2, ll. 18, 37.
48. E. Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs (London, 2004), p. 79.
49. MM, f. 12, op. 14, d. 2, ll. 15– 16.
50. MM, f. 12, op. 7, d. 2, l. 23.
51. Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs, p. 214.
52. MP, f. 4, op. 8 .d. 2, l. 22.
53. MM, f. 12, op. 28, d. 2, ll. 12, 35– 6.
54. GFA, O. Golovnia, ‘Dom na Vasil’evskoi’, ms., pp. 2–3.
55. Prishvin, ‘Dnevnik 1937 goda’, Oktiabr’, 1995, no. 9, p. 158.
56. A. Man’kov, Dnevniki tridtsatykh godov (St Petersburg, 2001), p. 144.
57. Prishvin, ‘Dnevnik 1937 goda’, Oktiabr’, 1995, no. 9, p. 165.
58. For a different view of the role of diary-writing see the works of Jochen Hellbeck cited in the Introduction.
59. ‘ “Zhizn’ stala veselei…” Iz dnevnika 1936 goda’, Oktiabr’, 1993, no. 10, p. 4;. M. Prishvin, ‘Dnevnik 1937 goda’, Oktiabr’, 1994, no. 11, p. 144; same author, Sobranie sochinenii, 8 vols. (Moscow, 1986), vol. 8, p. 473.
60. J. Hellbeck, Revolution on My Mind: Writing a Diary Under Stalin (Cambridge, Mass., 2006), pp. 304– 5, 306, 308–9, 311–22; RGALI, f. 2172, op. 3, d. 5, l. 249.
61. E. Evangulova, Krestnyi put’ (St Petersburg, 2000), pp. 68, 81, 83.
62. Man’kov, Dnevniki, p. 59.
63. Prishvin and Prishvin, My s toboi, pp. 22–3, 35, 37.
64. MM, f. 12, op. 25, d. 2, l. 136; Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 448; Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia, p. 71. A lower figure of 10,000 informers for Moscow in 1930 is given by an OGPU official cited in G. Agabekov, GPU: zapiski chekista (Moscow, 1931). See also V. Semystiaha, ‘The Role and Place of Secret Collaborators in the Informational Activity of the GPU-NKVD in the 1920s and 1930s (on the Basis of Materials of the Donbass Region)’, Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 42, nos. 2–4 (2001), pp. 231–44.
