43.Smith. R. W. (1986). Denial and justification of genocide: The Armenian case and its implications. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, Washington, August 28-31.
44.Sarkisian and Sahakian, Vital issues, pp. 35-36.
45.Nazer, J. (1968). The first genocide of the twentieth century: The Armenian massacre. New York: T. and T. Publishing Co.
46.Morgenthau, H., Sr. (1918). Ambassador Morgenthau’s story. New York: Doubleday.
47.Dadrian, V. N. (1986). The Naim-Andonian documents of the World War I destruction of Ottoman Armenians: The anatomy of a genocide. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 18, 311-60.
48.A number of sources quote the memoirs, for example:
Sarkisian and Sahakian, Vital issues.
Bedrossyan, First genocide.
Nazer, Armenian massacre.
49.See Sarkisian and Sahakian, Vital issues.
50.Dadrian, The Naim-Andonian documents, pp. 340-1.
51.Ibid.
52.Ibid., pp. 71-72.
53.Quoted in Missakian, A searchlight, pp. 44-45.
54.Lepsius, J. (Ed.). (1919). Deutschland und Armenien, 1914-1918. Potsdom: Der Tempelverlag.
Quoted in Boyajian, Armenia.
55.Gladstone, W. E. (1876). Bulgarian horrors and the question of the East. London, J. Murray Press, p. 38.
56.Boyajian, Armenia.
57.Quoted in Bedrossyan, First genocide, p. 132.
58.Ibid., p. 130.
59.Miller, Ottoman Empire, p. 538.
60.Trumpener, Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
61.Ibid., p. 214.
62.New York Herald Tribune, quoted in Bedrossyan, First genocide, p. 131.
63.Ibid., p. 131.
64.According to the Archives of the Nuremberg Proceedings, this statement was made by Hitler at a meeting of SS units at Obersalzberg, on August 22, 1939, instructing them “to kill, without pity, men, women and children” in their march against Poland. See:
Bedrossyan, First genocide, pp. 136 & 459.
Lochner, L. (1942). What about the Germans. New York.
65.Smith, Denial and justification.
Chapter 13
1.Osborne, M. E. (1969). The French presence in Cochinchina and Cambodia: Rule and response (1859-1905). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
2.Etcheson, C. (1984). The rise and demise of democratic Kampuchea. Boulder: Westview Press.
3.Kiernan, B., & Boua, C. (Eds.). (1982). Peasants and politics in Kampuchea, 1942-1981. New York: M. E. Sharpe, p. 7.
4.Vickery, M. (1984). Cambodia: 1975-1982. Boston: South End Press.
5.For tax collecting, see:
Etcheson, Rise and demise, p. 70.
Ponchaud, F. (1978). Cambodia: Year Zero. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
6.Etcheson, Rise and demise, p. 71.
7.Ibid.
8.Vickery, Cambodia.
9.For example, by Henry Kissinger, as noted in:
Shawcross, W. (1979). Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the destruction of Cambodia. New York: Simon & Schuster.
10.Becker, E. (1986). When the war was over: The voices of Cambodia’s revolution and its people. New York: Simon & Schuster.
11.Sihanouk, Prince Norodom (1980). War and hope: The case for Cambodia. New York: Pantheon Books.
12.Barron, J., & Paul, A. (1977). Murder of a gentle land: The untold story of communist genocide in Cambodia. New York: Readers Digest Press.
13.Ibid., as well as other sources.
14.Becker, When the war was over.
15.Etcheson, Rise and demise.
16.Vickery, Cambodia., p. 139.
17.Vickery, Cambodia.
18.Hildebrand, G., and Porter, G. (1976). Cambodia: Starvation and revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
19.Vickery, Cambodia.
20.Ibid., p. 26.
21.Barron and Paul, Murder of a gentle land.
22.Chandler, D. P. (1983). A history of Cambodia. Boulder: Westview Press.
23.Osborne, French presence.
24.Vickery, Cambodia, Chap. 1.
25.Burchett, W. (1981) The China, Cambodia, Vietnam triangle. Chicago: Vanguard Books, p. 122.
Quoted in Vickery, Cambodia, p. 17.
26.Osborne, French presence.
27.Chandler, A history, p. 59.
28.Ibid., p. 81.
29.Myrdal, J., & Kessle, G. (1971). Angkor: An essay on art and imperialism. London: Chatto & Windus.
30.Osborne, French presence, p. 284.
31.Ibid., p. 19.
32.Ibid.
Becker, When the war was over.
33.Becker, When the war was over, p. 54.
34.Kamm, H. (September 1987). A broken country. New York Times Magazine, p. 110.
35.Becker, When the war was over.
36.Ibid., p. 84.
37.Bun Chan Mol. (1973). Charit Khmer. Phnom Penh.
38.Chandler, D. (1973). Cambodia before the French. Ph. D. diss., University of Michigan.
Vickery, Cambodia, p. 7.
39.Cited in Chomsky, N., & Hermann E. S. (1979). After the cataclysm: Postwar Indochina and the reconstruction of imperial ideology. Boston: South End Press.
40.Kiernan, B. (1982). The Samlaut rebellion, 1967-68. In Kiernan and Boua, Peasants and politics, p. 195.
41.Ibid.
42.Cattell, D. C. (1956). Communism and the Spanish Civil War. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 2.
Vickery, Cambodia, p. 282.
43.Vickery, Cambodia, p. 284.
44.Chandler, A history.
45.Etcheson, Rise and demise.
46.Vickery, Cambodia.
47.Ibid. p. 281.
48.Meisner, M. J. Mao’s China: A history of the People’s Republic, pp. 205, 212. Quoted in Vickery, Cambodia, p. 273.
49.Burchett, Triangle, p. 64.
Quoted in Vickery, Cambodia, pp. 272-3.
50.Hou Youn. (1955). The Cambodian peasants and their prospects for modernization. Part of it reprinted in Kiernan and Boua, Peasants and politics.
51.Hou Youn. (1964). Solving rural problems. Described in Etcheson, Rise and demise, p. 51.
52.Khieu Samphan’s 1959 thesis is described in Hildebrand and Porter, Cambodia.
53.Etcheson, Rise and demise.
54.Ibid.
55.Ibid., p. 101.
56.In Becker, When the war was over, p. 155.
57.Ibid., p. 155.
58.Barron and Paul, Murder of a gentle land.
59.Ibid., p. 44.
60.Ibid.
61.Ibid., pp. 46-47.
62.Becker, When the war was over, p. 71.
63.Sihanouk, War and hope.
64.Becker, When the war was over, p. 21.
Chapter 14
1.Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. General Secretariat. (April 11, 1980). Report on the situation of human rights in Argentina. Washington, D. C.: Organization of American States, p. 14.
2.Hodges, D. C. (1976). Argentina, 1943-1976: The national revolution and resistance. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
3.Bernard, J. P., et al. (1973). Guide to the political parties of South America. Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Books, p. 35.
4.Dworkin, R. (1986). Introduction. In Nunca Mas: The Report of the Argentine National Commission on the disappeared. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
5.San Martin, S. (1983). El poder militar y la nación (The military power and the nation). Buenos Aires: Editorial Troquel S. A.
6.Potash, R. A. (1969, 1980). The army and politics in Argentina. Vol. 1, 1928-1945; vol. 2, 1945-1962. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Potash’s two-volume history of the military in Argentina has been highly regarded both by the military rulers of Argentina and by the present civilian government.
7.Ibid., vol. 2.
8.Ibid., vol. 2, p. 298.
9.Caviedes, C. (1984). The Southern Cone: Realities of the authoritarian state in South America. Totowa, N. J.: Rowman & Allenheld.
Commission on Human Rights, Report on the situation.
10.Bernard et al., Guide.
11.Potash, R. A. (1970). Argentina. In L. N. McAlister et al. (Eds.), The military in Latin American sociopolitical evolution. Washington, D. C: Center for Research in Social Systems.
12.Bernard et al., Guide, pp. 103-4, 105.
13.Hodges, Argentina, p. 18.
14.Ibid., p. 14.
15.Secretaria de Guerra (Secretary of War). (1966). Operaciones de Asuntos Civiles (Operation of Civil Affairs). RC-19-1 Publico. Institute geogr&fico militar.
